Best Treatments For Macular Degeneration
Age – related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common condition that leads to a gradual loss of central vision that typically starts to develop in seniors at around age 50 or above. The vision loss is caused by damage to the macula, which is an important part of the eye’s retina.
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The macula is needed in order to read, drive, recognize faces and much more. AMD affects millions of people worldwide, and can have a detrimental affect on their daily life and the activities they enjoy. There are two types of macular degeneration: dry and wet. Dry MD is the most common type, characterized by the slow deterioration of the macula. The second type, Wet MD, is less common but more severe. This type is caused by the growth of abnormal blood vessels beneath the retina. While there is no cure as of yet, there are several effective treatments available to help manage the symptoms and prevent further progression of the disease.
Listed below are the six best treatments for age – related macular degeneration.
Injections
They may be rather unpleasant, but injections are considered one of the best treatments for wet MD. The most common injection that eye doctors use is a drug called anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). It contains a special eye protein that prevents bad blood vessels and promotes the growth of good, healthy blood vessels, which improves vision and slows degeneration. This drug has been given a number of names, such as Lucentis, Eylea, and Avastin.
VEGF injections are administered into the eye by an ophthalmologist. The injection is not too painful, and only takes a few minutes to complete. Before the injection, the doctor will apply a local anaesthetic to the eye to reduce pain and discomfort. After the injection, the patient will only need to rest for a short period to allow the medication to fully settle in and take effect.
Laser Therapy
Laser therapy is also an effective treatment option, and is much less invasive than eye injections. In laser therapy, a high-energy laser is used to destroy the abnormal blood vessels beneath the retina. This treatment is called photodynamic therapy (PDT). During PDT, a light-sensitive drug is put into the bloodstream. The drug is absorbed by the abnormal blood vessels beneath the retina. The doctor will then use a laser to activate the drug, which will cause the abnormal blood vessels to close up and deteriorate.
Lifestyle Changes
Another great way to reduce your risk of developing AMD or manage the condition is by making lifestyle changes and healthier choices. Some of these changes include eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, quitting smoking, and protecting your eyes from UV light. A healthy diet that includes leafy greens, fish, and nuts can provide the necessary vitamins and minerals to maintain eye health. Exercise can help maintain a healthy weight and reduce the risk of developing serious conditions like diabetes, one of the major leading contributors to AMD.
As a matter of fact, studies have shown that quitting smoking can reduce the risk of developing AMD by up to 50 percent. Additionally, wearing sunglasses and a wide-brimmed hat will protect the eyes from the sun’s UV rays. Although a mild amount of UV rays may be good for the health of our skin and immune system, it is harmful and damaging to our eyes. Therefore, it’s important to shield your eyes from it as often as possible, and never look directly at the sun.
Supplements
Supplements can also be quite beneficial. Studies have found that taking a variety of supplements can help improve vision and slow the progression of MD. These supplements include:
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin E
- Zinc
- Copper
- Lutein
- Zeaxanthin
These vitamins and minerals can be found in multivitamins or taken individually. However, be sure to talk to your doctor first before taking any supplements, as some of them may not be safe or suitable for you, especially if you’re currently taking certain medications.
Low Vision Aids
Low vision aids may not treat MD, but they are immensely helpful with protecting your eyes and improving the quality of life of those who have it. Some of these aids include magnifying glasses, handheld magnifiers, telescopes, and electronic devices. They can help individuals write, type, watch TV, and perform all their other daily activities and needs much easier. These aids can be prescribed and obtained by a low vision specialist.
Surgery
Most cases of MD don’t require surgery, but in severe cases, it can be a lifesaver. For example, if a patient develops a macular hole, a type of surgery called a Vitrectomy is the only way to repair the hole and restore vision. During a vitrectomy procedure, the surgeon removes the gel-like substance in the eye called the vitreous. Afterwards, the surgeon will then use a gas bubble to push the macula against the retina, which helps the hole to close up. Patients need many days of rest to heal and recover from the surgery, and some temporary aftercare is necessary as well.
Foods to Combat Macular Degeneration
Macular degeneration is a major cause of vision loss, particularly among older adults. This condition affects the central part of the retina, leading to blurred or no vision in the center of the visual field. Fortunately, diet can play a crucial role in slowing its progression. Incorporating specific nutrients can help maintain eye health and possibly prevent the severe impacts of this disease.
Antioxidant-Rich Fruits and Vegetables
Fruits and vegetables high in antioxidants are essential for eye health, particularly those rich in lutein and zeaxanthin. These carotenoids are found in high concentrations in the macula and are potent antioxidants that can help reduce the risk of chronic eye diseases, including macular degeneration. Leafy greens like spinach, kale, and collard greens are excellent sources. Other beneficial vegetables include broccoli, peas, and brussels sprouts, which offer additional nutrients such as vitamin C and E, crucial for protecting the eyes from oxidative stress and promoting overall eye health. Fruits like oranges, peaches, and grapes also contribute to this protective effect, thanks to their high vitamin and mineral content.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Healthy Fats
Omega-3 fatty acids are known for their anti-inflammatory properties and are vital for maintaining retinal health. Foods rich in omega-3s, such as salmon, mackerel, and flaxseeds, should be a regular part of your diet if you’re looking to combat macular degeneration. These fats help maintain the integrity of the blood vessels that supply the retina, potentially reducing the effects of aging on the eyes. Additionally, nuts and seeds, including almonds, walnuts, and chia seeds, offer omega-3s along with vitamin E, which can further protect the macula from damage due to oxidation. Integrating these healthy fats into your diet not only supports your eyes but also benefits overall cardiovascular health.
Final Thoughts
Losing your vision due to MD or any other eye related condition is no trivial matter. If you suspect that you may have MD or are experiencing some other form of vision loss, it’s essential to see an eye doctor as soon as possible. The earlier the disease is diagnosed and treated, the better you’ll be able to preserve your vision, prevent further vision loss and improve your daily quality of life.
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